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2亿年前蝈蝈嗓门有多高?化石研究得出答案

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12月13日,《美国科学院院报》(PNAS)在线发表了一项中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所的成果,科研人员对全球各大博物馆1000多块螽斯化石进行研究,重建了其鸣声频率的宏演化历史,发现在2.4亿年前的三叠纪,螽斯可以发出高达12—16kHz的鸣声,这也是整个动物界最古老的高频声音记录。 直翅目昆虫是现今多样性最高的鸣声生物,包括常见的蟋蟀、螽斯、蝗虫等。其中螽斯(俗称蝈蝈、纺织娘)可以利用前翅间的相互摩擦发出声音,依靠前足的听器(鼓膜)接收声音信号。螽斯在中生代非常繁盛,因此是动物声学演化研究的一类理想类群。…

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12月13日,《美国科学院院报》(PNAS)在线发表了一项中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所的成果,科研人员对全球各大博物馆1000多块螽斯化石进行研究,重建了其鸣声频率的宏演化历史,发现在2.4亿年前的三叠纪,螽斯可以发出高达12—16kHz的鸣声,这也是整个动物界最古老的高频声音记录。 直翅目昆虫是现今多样性最高的鸣声生物,包括常见的蟋蟀、螽斯、蝗虫等。其中螽斯(俗称蝈蝈、纺织娘)可以利用前翅间的相互摩擦发出声音,依靠前足的听器(鼓膜)接收声音信号。螽斯在中生代非常繁盛,因此是动物声学演化研究的一类理想类群。 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所的博士研究生许春鹏在王博研究员和张海春研究员的指导下,从世界各地的博物馆检视了1000多块直翅目化石标本,建立了螽斯化石的关键形态特征数据库,并根据生物物理模型,对中生代螽斯的鸣声频率进行了系统重建。 研究还发现,在早中侏罗世,螽斯类群发生了明显的类群转换现象:原本占据主导地位的哈格鸣螽科昆虫开始衰落,具有“更高的声学能力”的鸣螽科昆虫开始崛起。许春鹏认为,这是因为鸣螽科昆虫的鸣声频率为双峰分布,高频鸣声有利于躲避捕食者的探查,低频鸣声能够传播更远的距离。 这也表明,在同一时代的生态系统中,已经出现声学生态位分区,它可以极大地降低声学交流时其他声学信号的干扰,提高声学交流的效率。因此,高效的声学交流能力很可能是中生代早期螽斯辐射演化的驱动因素之一。(记者张晔) 【纠错】 【责任编辑:王佳宁 】

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