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Tail-call optimization in C is relatively recent

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The C calling convention has been that the callee does not remove any stuff the caller has put on the stack. The caller could see the declaration int f();, the actual call could have n>0 arguments, and the actual function could have m≤n parameters. That would not always work if the callee removed the arguments.

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Original publisherLwn
Canonical URLhttps://lwn.net/Articles/1034703/
Publication timeMon, 10 Aug 2026 11:34:40 +0000
Retrieval time2026-08-10T11:55:46.090Z
Last seen2026-08-10T11:55:46.090Z
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Tail-call optimization in C is relatively recent Posted Aug 21, 2025 22:11 UTC (Thu) by anton (subscriber, #25547) Parent article: Python, tail calls, and performance Actually tail calls in C have not been around forever. The C calling convention has been that the callee does not remove any stuff the caller has put on the stack. The caller could see the declaration int f();, the actual call could have n>0 arguments, and the actual function could have m≤n parameters. That would not always work if the callee removed the arguments. So the caller had to remove the arguments between the call and the following return, turning the call into a non-tail call. When I looked in 1994 at the C compilers of the day, they did not perform tail-call optimization for the kind of usage shown in the article.

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