A Transformer Becomes an LLM
A stack of transformer layers is not yet ChatGPT or Claude. This is the rest of the path: how text becomes tokens, how a raw next-word predictor turns into an assistant across three training phases, how LoRA customizes a model on a budget, and why everyone is racing for data and compute.
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Excerpt limited to ~120 words for fair-use compliance. The full article is at Bharad.