SoccerRef-Agents: Multi-Agent System for Automated Soccer Refereeing

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence arXiv:2604.23392 (cs) [Submitted on 25 Apr 2026] Title:SoccerRef-Agents: Multi-Agent System for Automated Soccer Refereeing Authors:Zi Meng, Wanli Song, Yi Hu, Jiayuan Rao, Gang Chen View a PDF of the paper titled SoccerRef-Agents: Multi-Agent System for Automated Soccer Refereeing, by Zi Meng and 4 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Refereeing is vital in sports, where fair, accurate, and explainable decisions are fundamental. While intelligent assistant technologies are being widely adopted in soccer refereeing, current AI-assisted approaches remain preliminary. Existing research mostly focuses on isolated video perception tasks and lacks the ability to understand and reason about foul scenarios. To fill this gap, we propose SoccerRef-Agents, a holistic and explainable multi-agent decision-making framework for soccer refereeing. The main contributions are: (i) constructing the multimodal benchmark SoccerRefBench with over 1,200 referee theory questions and 600 foul video clips; (ii) building a vector-based knowledge base RefKnowledgeDB using the latest "Laws of the Game" and a classic case database for precise, knowledge-driven reasoning; (iii) designing a novel multi-agent architecture that collaborates via cross-modal RAG to bridge the semantic gap between visual content and regulatory texts. This work explores the technical capability of integrating MLLMs with refereeing expertise, and evaluations show our system significantly outperforms general-purpose MLLMs in decision accuracy and explanation quality. All databases, benchmarks, and code will be made available. Comments: 26 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to ISACE 2026. Github Repo: this https URL Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) ACM classes: I.2.11; I.2.10 Cite as: arXiv:2604.23392 [cs.AI] (or arXiv:2604.23392v1 [cs.AI] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.23392 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Zi Meng [view email] [v1] Sat, 25 Apr 2026 17:46:59 UTC (1,893 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled SoccerRef-Agents: Multi-Agent System for Automated Soccer Refereeing, by Zi Meng and 4 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.AI < prev | next > new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence…

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