UGAF-ITS: A Standards Harmonization Framework and Validation Tool for Multi-Framework AI Governance in Distributed Intelligent Transportation Systems

Organizations deploying AI-enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems face fragmented governance: ISO/IEC 42001 demands a certifiable management system, the EU AI Act imposes binding high-risk obligations from August 2026, and the NIST AI Risk Management Framework structures voluntary practice. Each instrument is internally coherent, yet they drive different control vocabularies, evidence expectations, and audit rhythms. In distributed ITS deployments where vehicle manufacturers, roadside integrators, and cloud operators each hold partial evidence and partial accountability, this fragmentation multiplies compliance effort and obscures incident traceability. This paper introduces UGAF-ITS, a standards harmonization framework that consolidates 154 source obligations from the three instruments into 12 unified controls across eight governance domains through a reproducible five-phase crosswalk methodology. A three-tier operating model allocates each control to the vehicle, edge, or cloud tier where enforcement and defensible evidence production are feasible. An evidence backbone of 20 versioned artifacts supports a single audit package across all three frameworks without duplicating content. We validate UGAF-ITS through an open-source governance engine evaluated across four architecturally distinct ITS deployment scenarios. The engine encodes the complete crosswalk catalog and executes eight compliance computations. Three-tier deployments achieve 91.7% average framework coverage with 45.9% evidence reduction, complete bidirectional traceability, and 80% of artifacts serving all three frameworks simultaneously. Partial deployments degrade gracefully: coverage and reduction scale with architectural complexity. The tool, scenarios, and all reported results are publicly available for independent replication.

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